Process of manufacturing watermarked paper



May 15,1923. 1,455,752

w. s. LLLCEY PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING WATERMARKED PAPER Filed'June 23, 192-1 lqx/fil'ur.

MMJ. 7 alarm. m. W

Patented May 15, 1923.

FT T

ME? I WILLIAM S. LUCEY, OF ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO HAMMER/MILL PAPER COMPANY, OF ERIE, FENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

.PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING WATERMARKED PAPER.

' Application filed June 23, 1921. Seriaf No 479,897.

To all whom if may) concern;

Be it known that T. VILLTAM S. LUcnr, a citizen of the United States, residing at Erie, in the county of Erie and State of 5 Pennsylvania, h ave invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processesof Manufacturing Vvatermarked Paper; and I do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description ofthe invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to makeand use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, forming part of this specification.

My invention relates to an improved method of manufacturing water-marked paper.

Heretofore there have been two wellknown methods of watermarking paper. namely, (1) the dandy roll method and (2) the Behrend' method as disclosed, for example, in United States Patent No. 717,799, January 3, 1903.

marking devices are combined with the dandy roll and there operate on thepulp stock while it is still-in a formative state. This method has two essential disadva'm tages, particularly when applied to wood pulp stock, which is the stock now generally use are that it is necessary in the use of this method to run the machine-very slowly-a ably indistinct.

In theBehrend method, as it has been em:

dandy roll method are obviated, for the.

machine can be operated at full speed and thei'esulting mark is distinct. But the chili.

culty is that the resulting mark is, in a sense, too distinct. D greater or less extent in the surface of the finished paper, a feature which has been found very undesirable in practice. A perfectwa'termark is one which is absolutely distinct wheii held up to the light but which iisf' not impressed in the surface of the paper and is 'not'c'onspicuous'when the paper is fno't'held up to the light.

It is the object of this invention to proto cause a portion of the displaced fibers to In the dandy roll method the water-- in making paper. These disadvantages very uneconomical operationand that the". mark produced by this method" is objectiontacts with the web as it leaves the last-press.

vention.

"by the old, and by my improved method. That is, it is impressed to' a vide a method which will obviate the disadvantages of the two methods above referred. to and will produce a watermark having the characteristics just described.

- I have discovered that this may be accomplished in the following wayzl apply the marking roll to the wet web while the latter is .in such a conditionof wetness that the marking roll will displace the fibers of the web along the lines of the desired mark, but

of suflicient strength so that the marking roll will not tear it.

Thereafter I subject the webto sufficient pressure, as by press rolls of the machine,

.70 flow back into the impressions made by the marking device and thus level off the surface. The re'sult is that the finished paper is provided with a distinct mark, visiblewhen it is held upto the light; but which has no surface identations. 1

The particular point in the travel of the web where the watermarking-device should be applied to it for best results may vary in accordance with the composition of the stock. Fromthe information herein given M anyone skilled in the art will be able readily pose ofillustration, however, I shall now 35 describe, making reference to the anneked' drawing, how, my improved method may be carried out with respect to certain classes of stock. i v

In the accompanying drawing: a F'gure 1, shows a diagrammatic drawing of a paper-making inarhine embodying mechanism for the practice of my'invcntion.

Figure'Q, shows an enlarged side view of a portion.of.a watermarking mechanism, which may beused in the practice of my in Figure 3, illustrates exaggerated sectional views of sheets'of watermarked paper made D the first-press rolls; E the second conveyor felt; E one of its supporting .rolls; E theothers of its supporting rolls; F, 'F' 1 the last set of press rolls; Gthe baby .drier,

and H the drying cylinders of a paper-mak- 416 wheels J) is secured as shown in Fig 2, so

as to makea plurality of the desired mark across the width of the web.

The supporting roller E of the conveyor felt I) is located above the press-roll I) so that the wet web K after passing between the press rolls D D leaves the conveyor felt C and passes up around the rear of the press-- roll D and up over th roll E to and upon the conveyor felt E, by which it conveyed to the last press-rolls F F, where allim pcrfections caused by the watermarking mechanism, as illustrated at in Fig. 3,

are pressed and flattened out even with the face of the sheet. This is tliCOIIlPllSllGd by forcing the disp aced fibers back into the depressed portions of the mark, as illustrated at 1 in Fig. 3, thus leaving the surface of the-sheet unmutila-ted while leaving the Watermark clearly distinguishable and unimpaired; and from thence the sheet passes to the driers G and H where it is finally dried.

As above described, the watermarking apparatus is so located as to operate on the upper roll D of the first press-rolls. It is obvious, however, that with other classes of stock it might be located so as to operate on some other roll prior to the sheets reach ing the final press-rolls where the inequalities caused by watermarking it are pressed down even with the remainder ofthe surface of the sheet.

It is also obvious that the wet sheet, after being watermarked, may be passed between two or more sets of press-rolls, if found desirable, to completely efi'ace and smooth down any imperfectionson the face of the sheet caused by the operatiom of the watermarking mechanism thereon, while in the means for practicin mechanism shown, as an illustration of my invention is a. mechanism for applying the watermark to the under or wire side of the wet sheet, it is obvious, however, that'the watermark may,

if desired, be applied to the upper or face side of the sheet without departing from the spirit and intentof my invention.

l-Iaving thus described my invention so as to enable others to practice the same, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentis The improvement in the art of making watermarked paper, consisting in thinning out the paper web along the lines of a desired watermark by the displacement of fibers while the web is still wet and soft, but after it has passed the couch roll, and afterwards submitting the wet web to such pressure as will move part of the displaced fibers back into the depressions formed by 'the watermark before drying the same.

2. The improvement in the art of making watermarked paper, consisting substantially in thinning out the wet paper web along the lines of the desired watermark, at or adjacent to the first set of press-rolls of the paper-making machine, and afterwards submitting the watermarked wet web to such pressure as will move part of the displaced fibers caused by the marking operation back into the lines of the watermark even with the surface of the sheet befor drying the same.

3. The improvement in the art of making watermarked paper consisting in passingthe web over a hard roll at a location in the press mechanism where the moisture has been sufficiently expressed therefrom to render it strong enough to permit application of a marking roll thereon without tearing but not sufliciently to prevent the displacement of fibers by said marking roll, applying a marking roll to said paper web against said hard roll whereby the fibers are displaced along the lines of the mark, and afterward submitting the watermarked web to the action of succeeding press-rolls whereby a portion of the displaced fibers are forced to flow back into the depressed lines of the mark.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

WILLIAM S. LUCEY. 

